Volume 2

Over the past few decades, countries in the Organization for Islamic Cooperation (OIC) have achieved various levels of economic development, especially in the tourism sector. Tourism growth in OIC countries increases every year. This growth has tightened competition between countries in providing tourist facilities and destinations. This study aims to measure the level of efficiency and productivity of the tourism industry in OIC countries using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods. The results showed that the average efficiency value of the tourism industry in OIC countries as a whole was 0.357. The country with the highest efficiency score was Turkey with an efficiency value of 0.92 and the country with the lowest efficiency value of 0.007 was Libya. On the other hand, the country that had the highest productivity increase was Turkey with a TFP value of 1.656 and the country with the largest decrease in productivity was Nigeria with a TFP value of 0.610.

Every year over two million Muslim worshippers from around 183 different countries visit Mecca in Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj which is the fifth and last pillar of Islam. Tourism, especially a religious tourism attraction such as the Hajj, is expected to boost the economy and create new job opportunities for Saudi youth in the services sector. Yet, despite the many benefits, the Hajj itself has suffered adverse environmental impacts. The government of Saudi Arabia has set many strategies and policies in an effort reduce the significant impact of the Hajj activities on environmental sustainability. However, these environmental strategies have not achieved their goals due to the lack of stakeholder collaborations. The overarching aim of this research is to investigate how the environmental sustainability of the Hajj can be improved. With particular focus on how stakeholder collaborations in planning can be improved to achieve sustainable goals. This study applies Gray’s (1989) collaborative planning model to investigate the nature of the collaboration process between Hajj stakeholders. This model establishes a three-phase planning process necessary to successfully achieve stakeholder collaborations and the strategic goals. To achieve the aim, a qualitative approach was adopted as the appropriate strategy to understand why things occur, as opposed to what things occur in the social world. The specific methodologies used include unstructured and semi-structured interviews with representatives of public and private sector stakeholders. The results show that the level of collaboration between stakeholders in the Hajj is fragile and requires significant improvement. Thus, from an analysis of findings, ways to improve the collaborative network between Hajj stakeholders when planning for protecting the environmental sustainability of the destination are explored. Keywords: Hajj, environmental sustainability, stakeholders’ collaboration

The purpose of this study is how to convince people that the holy book of Islam is not only discusses specific situation but also recommend its followers to travel. The holy book of Islam suggest its followers to travel to certain place as long as they follow the rule of Islam. This research is literature based, the data collection of this research was taken from the holy book of Quran (the primary data) then the secondary data was taken from hadith. The research question that was tried to answer is what the Quran perspective about halal tourism. Based on the research result of this research, Quran suggest its followers to do a journey. There are four reasons according to Quran why people should travel, firstly is to search for the omnipotence. Secondly is to elevate their knowledge and science so that by using their knowledge they can maintenance and explore the creatures of God wisely then address the values of Islam to another human (da’wah). Finally, the last one is most important for Muslim why God and His prophet had human being to have travelling is to worship Him.

The existence of Halal Tourism Villages in Indonesia, such as in Tambakreja Village, Lakbok District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province needs to be developed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to improve the community's economy through the Tourism Industry sector. Halal tourism village is a culture-based village that puts forward the values and norms of Islamic law as its basic foundation. This research is included in the type of field research, which was carried out in Tambakreja Village, Lakbok District, Ciamis Regency. Research data obtained from interviews and documentation studies. The results show that halal tourism villages are a type of tourism that is starting to develop in Indonesia at this time and is becoming a trend and can meet the lifestyle of the people of Tambakreja Village, Lakbok District. The uniqueness of this Halal Tourism Village is evidenced by the presence of halal food (halal food) in the village such as (cimplung, growol, tempe mendoan, brown sugar) which in other villages are not necessarily owned. Tambakreja village also owns land (rice fields, culinary and traditional arts). In addition, this halal tourism village is able to boost the economy of the local village community through various tourism sectors.